Classifications of Quantum Dots and Their Detection Principles in Sensing

Abstract

Quantum dots (QDs) are highly bright fluorescent nanoparticles with high resistance to photobleaching compared to organic fluorophores. They are used extensively as fluorophores in many types of fluorescence sensing; in imaging, phototherapy, and optoelectronic devices; and as catalysts in biochemical and chemical reactions. The use of QDs in the field of sensing is currently a research hotspot, and the synthesis and characterization of newly developed QDs are subjects of active research in many fields. Knowledge of different QDs, their unique properties, and their limitations helps scientists to select appropriate QDs for various applications. This chapter gives a brief history of QD development and discusses its principles and classification. We also provide an overview of development trends that show improvements in QDs’ photochemical and chemical stability as well as reductions in their toxicity. Last but not least, this chapter discusses various sensing mechanisms in QD-based probes in order to provide deep insights into the nature of assembled biosensors and their detection principles in biomedical systems.