Nanotechnology and Chemistry: The Unseen Scale with Magnificent Impact

Abstract

This chapter presents the definition, basic concepts and aspects that are related to nanoscience. Why nanoscale? What is the importance of materials and systems at the nanoscale? What is the basic scientific background describing materials and systems at the nanoscale? A definition of the term “nano” is given, followed by the two main theories that are responsible for the different properties of materials at the nanoscale, namely, surface area per volume ratio, and quantum confinement effect. The third section of this chapter focuses on the different types of particles at the nanoscale with the provision of related examples and phenomena. In this chapter, you will find that materials at the nano scale have been prepared and used for centuries and their effects can be seen in various historical places in the world; however, these materials were made by chance without any scientific basis. The final sections of this chapter focus on explanation of the main preparation methods of materials at the nanoscale, which will be very convenient with the experiments and activities that are presented in the other chapters. This chapter is a complete introduction for teachers in schools, high school students, and undergraduates who have no prior knowledge or information about nanoscience. The chapter is written in a relatively simple way and gives an opportunity to compare different systems at the macro scale and nano scale.