1. Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Drive SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
2. Brown and Caldwell, 370 Wabasha St N, Suite 500, St. Paul, Minnesota 55102, USA
3. School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, William Rankine Building, Thomas Bayes Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FG, UK