Graphene-based Nanocomposites for Protein Sensing

Abstract

In this chapter, a detailed study is carried out on the development of different graphene (G)-based nanocomposites, and their elaborate protein sensing applications using various platforms are discussed. G-based nanocomposites are smart and contain multipurpose components that are mechanically tailored with high conductivity; they have a hierarchical structure and morphology-based electrically, biologically, and catalytically rich and functionalized parameters, making them very useful materials for current needs. It seems the requirement for G-based nanocomposites is increasing day by day and this trend will hold for a few more decades. The use of these nanocomposites has invaded into a broad range of domains, such as storage materials, electronics, optical devices, sensors and biosensors, antimicrobials, cancer treatment, drug delivery and cell imaging. The measurement of different properties at the nanoscale level has been achieved by several techniques such as XRD, FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman, SEM, TEM, EIS, and fluorescence methods. These G-based nanocomposites are generally derived by the combination of organic polymers, naturally available polymers, metal oxides, inorganic salts, etc. This chapter summarizes the types of G-based nanocomposites that are used in the preparation of graphene-derived composites at the nanoscale level, their chemistry, and their advantages for protein-sensing purposes.