Sensors and Biosensors: Types and Sensing Mechanisms

Abstract

Sensors have played a significant role in many aspects of human life, and biosensors have been widely used in the biomedical and food industries. Various sensors can measure different parameters, including displacement, force, pressure, and strain. Biosensors, as integrated receptor–transducer devices, can convert changes in biological processes into electrical signals. In this chapter, different types of sensors and biosensors are explored. Specifically, recent breakthroughs in the application of biosensors in the biomedical industry are summarized, such as biosensors that are wearable, enzymatic, micro fluidic, bioresorbable, metal oxides, electrochemical, etc. Furthermore, the main mechanisms of fabrication of sensors and biosensors are summarized. In addition, the main challenges involved in sensors and biosensors are discussed. This chapter not only describes the improvement and optimization of sensors and biosensors, but also highlights the beneficial uses for the next generation of sensors and biosensors in many fields.