Graphene-based Nanocomposites for Cancer Cell Detection

Author:

Yaraki Mohammad Tavakkoli1,Zare Iman2,Imani Mahsa3,Rahmatian Nasrin4,Gholipour Hanna Madadi5,Mostafavi Ebrahim678

Affiliation:

1. aSchool of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia

2. bResearch and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies Co. Ltd., Shiraz 7178795844, Iran

3. cDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran

4. dDepartment of Chemistry, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran

5. eDepartment of Physics, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, 47148, Babol, Iran

6. fStanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA

7. gDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA

8. hStanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

Abstract

Owing to their extraordinary chemical, electrical, mechanical, optical, and structural properties, graphene and its nanocomposites have been extensively used as core nanomaterials for designing wide ranges of biosensors for the investigation of cells and their surface chemistry. In this chapter, we highlight the importance of the investigation of surface chemistry as well as intracellular components in cells and their importance in the early detection of various severe diseases such as cancer. Next, we present the latest advances in designing electrochemical and optical biosensors based on graphene nanocomposites (with polymers, inorganic nanomaterials, biomacromolecules, etc.) for studying the surface biomarkers on cells, bioimaging of cells, as well as the behaviour of cells under different conditions. In these biosensors, we emphasise the role of graphene and surface functionalisation in designing various types of biosensors. In addition, we provide numerous examples from fundamental studies as well as innovative approaches for designing these biosensors. Finally, we outline the challenges and limitations in current approaches and present perspectives of the future of biosensors designed using graphene-based nanocomposites.

Publisher

Royal Society of Chemistry

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