Electrolyte-gated FET Biosensors

Abstract

After a general introduction, the opening section of this chapter presents a broad introduction to electrolyte-gated field-effect transistors (EGFETs). This encompasses fundamental concepts surrounding electrical double layers, charge transport in conductive and semiconductive materials, polarization, interfacial capacitance, and the underlying operating principles. The following section examines active materials, including organic and inorganic semiconductors, and nanostructured electrical conductors such as nanowires, carbon nanotubes and graphene. Furthermore, this section explores techniques utilized to produce EGFETs, such as vacuum thermal deposition and inkjet printing. The fourth section examines fabrication methods, while the fifth reviews the common biological probes utilized in EGFETs, such as DNA aptamers, antibodies, nanobodies, proteins, enzymes or synthetic ligands. Additionally, it discusses their application in EGFETs and the anticipated transduction mechanisms. The concluding section provides various exemplary instances extracted from relevant literature. The chapter does not include the discussion of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs).