High-throughput (Micro)Extraction of Organic Pollutants from Environmental Liquid Samples Using Ionic Liquids and Derivatives

Abstract

Ionic liquids (ILs) and derivatives have been extensively used in analytical sample preparation due to their outstanding solvation and physicochemical properties, together with their synthetic versatility. Recent trends in this field are focused on facilitating the current analytical approaches through the specific design of extraction devices, supporting the IL or IL derivative on different formats, applying magnetic separation tools, and/or incorporating automated systems using robotic equipment or flow-injection. These strategies have been implemented together with the use of liquid-phase microextraction or sorbent-based microextraction. They are considered high-throughput technologies as they contribute to the further miniaturization and simplification of the analytical method while ensuring faster and more sensitive analysis. This book chapter provides an overview of all these high-throughput approaches, with emphasis on the use of ILs, polymeric ILs, magnetic ILs, and IL-based sorbents and/or composites, particularly for the monitoring of organic pollutants, including both persistent and those of emerging concern, present in liquid environmental samples.