Green Nanomaterials Zinc Oxide and Chitosan for Antimicrobial Activity Against Oral Pathogens

Abstract

Green nanomaterials that are eco-friendly and biocompatible are ideal for use in the medical field, including dentistry. Nanomaterials have attracted attention in recent years with regard to antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens. Examples are zinc oxide (ZnO) and chitosan, which were found to exhibit antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens and were also useful in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Zinc oxide and chitosan have been shown to be promising alternatives to traditional antimicrobial agents, as they are effective against oral pathogens and were found to have a low toxicity profile. Many nanomaterials and nanocomposites are used in the field of dentistry. In dentistry, nanoparticles are utilized to develop regenerative therapies for oral and dental tissue. For instance, calcium phosphate nanoparticles have been utilized to develop dental implant materials that can promote the growth of new bone tissue. This helps to improve the success rate of dental implants and reduce the risk of implant failure. This chapter gives an insight into the knowledge of oral pathogens, general nanomaterials, nanoparticles, and nanocomposites and their applications in dentistry, especially in endodontics, orthodontics, and periodontics, green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles, antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide and its application in dentistry, and preparation and characterization of chitosan and its antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens.