Nanotoxicology and Its Remediation

Abstract

Nanotoxicity is the toxicity caused by nanoparticles. Nanoparticles have many advantages in various branches of science, but sometimes they have harmful effects that need to be remediated. Owing to the expanding use of nanoparticles, the toxicity rate is continuously increasing. Many factors affect nanotoxicity, including the rate of administration, shape, size, and others. Different nanoparticles utilize different mechanisms to generate toxic effects. Reactive oxygen species are the leading toxic agent in most cases. The impact of nanotoxicity differs in various subcellular organelles of a cell. Many studies have shown the effects of nanotoxicity on behavior and development in animals. The quality of the environment is also deteriorating owing to the emerging risk of nanotoxicity. Several methods to reduce nanotoxicity have been discovered, but the lack of information is a barrier to producing non-toxic materials that do not harm biological systems or the environment. Studies of the characteristics of nanoparticles can help find an effective path to remediation. Phytoremediation opens up an exciting means of remediation. However, much more collaborative research is needed to find the best approach to remediation.