Synthesis, Properties, and Biological Applications of Thiophene

Abstract

Thiophene, a five-membered heterocyclic moiety containing one sulfur atom, possesses aromaticity. Among the sulfur-containing heterocyclic receptor systems, the synthesis of thiophene and its derivatives has drawn significant attention in the field of pharmaceutical chemistry for exhibiting a wide range of biological activities. Substituted thiophene derivatives and thiophene fused heterocyclic moieties display numerous biological activities, including antibacterial, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antithrombotic, antileishmanial, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal activities. As thiophene improves the effectiveness of drugs, numerous commercially available drugs, such as suprofen, citizolam, dorzolamide, tipepidine, and sertaconazole, incorporate the thiophene moiety as their integral component. Considering the immense potential and effectiveness of thiophene derivatives in medicinal chemistry, synthesis and modification of various thiophene-containing derivatives and exploring such derivatives toward studying their broad range of biological activities have attained extreme importance in daily life, as they can be utilized as potential drugs to treat various life-threatening diseases. This chapter will briefly provide the synthetic methodologies of various thiophene-containing derivatives and their potential applications in various biological activities.