1. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an, 710127, China
2. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
3. CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
4. School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
5. State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China
6. Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA