1. Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
2. Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
3. Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
4. Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive Northwest, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Canada
5. Department of Geosciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada