1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh PA 15261, USA
2. Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, USA
3. Special Pathogens Laboratory, Pittsburgh PA, USA
4. Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA
5. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA
6. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Wilkinson Building, 534 Research Dr, Durham NC 27710, USA