Green Instrumental Analysis

Abstract

This chapter outlines concepts and methods of improving the “greenness” of instrumental analysis. Sample collection and preparation appear to be the keys to increasing the environmental friendliness of instrumental analysis, and are therefore discussed first. It is also possible to reduce the ecological footprint of an analytical instrument through miniaturisation. Miniature instruments require less power than their laboratory counterparts and fewer materials for their construction, and can be made portable. The latter property enables them to be taken to the point of interest – field, hospital or home – thus avoiding issues with sample transportation and simplifying sample preparation. Several analytical methods that are amenable to miniaturisation are described; they include the use of chemical sensors and spectrometers. Special attention has been paid to the use of consumer electronics to detect analytes immobilised on paper as colour spots. In addition to these encouraging developments, the life cycle of a laboratory-scale instrument can be extended by refurbishing, which provides another opportunity to practice green and sustainable science.