Maximal independence and symmetry in crystal chemistry of natural tectosilicates

Abstract

Löwenstein's avoidance rule in aluminosilicates is reinterpreted on the basis of the fourth Pauling rule. It is shown that avoidance of Si–O–Si bridges may account for avoidance of Al–O–Al bridges. In view of this interpretation, it is proposed that the most favourable distributions of cations entering in substitution of silicon in the framework are associated to maximal independent sets of the respective 3-periodic nets. Among all possible solutions, only those with maximal symmetry are realized. The applicability of the concept is demonstrated for a few natural tectosilicates, which have been analysed through the prism of their labelled quotient graph.