Structure of the X-phase of 38% brominated betaine calcium chloride dihydrate

Abstract

The structures of the high- and low-temperature phases of 38% brominated BCCD [betaine (trimethylammonioacetate) calcium chloride dihydrate], the latter being known as the X-phase, have been determined by single-crystal neutron diffraction at 295 and 20 K, respectively. The symmetry of the X-phase is described by the P212121 space group. The distortion with respect to the high-temperature Pnma phase is characterized by anti-symmetric displacements of the betaine molecules as well as of the Ca octahedra. On the basis of a symmetry-mode analysis, we propose an interpretation of the direct phase transition that occurs around 80 K between these two phases.