Author:
Jeng U-Ser,Su Chiu Hun,Su Chun-Jen,Liao Kuei-Fen,Chuang Wei-Tsung,Lai Ying-Huang,Chang Je-Wei,Chen Yi-Jiun,Huang Yu-Shan,Lee Ming-Tao,Yu Kuan-Li,Lin Jhih-Min,Liu Din-Goa,Chang Chia-Feng,Liu Chin-Yen,Chang Chien-Hung,Liang Keng S.
Abstract
At the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, a small/wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) instrument has been installed at the BL23A beamline with a superconducting wiggler insertion device. This beamline is equipped with double Si(111) crystal and double Mo/B4C multilayer monochromators, and an Si-based plane mirror that can selectively deflect the beam downwards for grazing-incidence SAXS (GISAXS) studies of air–liquid or liquid–liquid interfaces. The SAXS/WAXS instrument, situated in an experimental hutch, comprises collimation, sample and post-sample stages. Pinholes and slits have been incorporated into the beam collimation system spanning a distance of ∼5 m. The sample stage can accommodate various sample geometries for air–liquid interfaces, thin films, and solution and solid samples. The post-sample section consists of a 1 m WAXS section with two linear gas detectors, a vacuum bellows (1–4 m), a two-beamstop system and the SAXS detector system, all situated on a motorized optical bench for motion in six degrees of freedom. In particular, the vacuum bellows of a large inner diameter (260 mm) provides continuous changes of the sample-to-detector distance under vacuum. Synchronized SAXS and WAXS measurements are realizedviaa data-acquisition protocol that can integrate the two linear gas detectors for WAXS and the area detector for SAXS (gas type or Mar165 CCD); the protocol also incorporates sample changing and temperature control for programmable data collection. The performance of the instrument is illustratedviaseveral different measurements, including (1) simultaneous SAXS/WAXS and differential scanning calorimetry for polymer crystallization, (2) structural evolution with a large ordering spacing of ∼250 nm in a supramolecular complex, (3) SAXS for polymer blends underin situdrawing, (4) SAXS and anomalous SAXS for unilamellar lipid vesicles and metalloprotein solutions, (5) anomalous GISAXS for oriented membranes of Br-labeled lipids embedded with peptides, and (6) GISAXS for silicate films formedin situat the air–water interface.
Publisher
International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Subject
General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Cited by
162 articles.
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