Author:
Chinte U.,Shah B.,DeWitt K.,Kirschbaum K.,Pinkerton A. A.,Schall C.
Abstract
The effect of sample size on flash-cooling was assessed using an assortment of Hampton Screen I solutions (Hampton Research). These were cryogenically cooled to ascertain the minimum glycerol concentration needed for vitrification of solutions. Solutions were `flash-cooled' in 1.0, 0.5 and 0.1 mm commercial cryoloops, using a 100 K nitrogen stream generated by an Oxford 600 Cryostream. The loops were visually examined and then X-ray diffraction data were collected and evaluated for ice formation. The glycerol concentration needed for vitrification was found to decrease significantly as sample size decreased; detailed key data are presented in tabular form. Glass transition temperatures, T
g, were measured for solutions leading to successful vitrification in the 1 mm cryoloop. The trends in the required concentration of glycerol and resultant T
g can be understood through a simplified heat-transfer analysis. This analysis points to a critical cooling time period for successful vitrification.
Publisher
International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Subject
General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Cited by
25 articles.
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