Monitoring structural transformations in crystals. 8. Monitoring molecules and a reaction center during a solid-state Yang photocyclization

Abstract

Structural changes taking place in a crystal during an intramolecular photochemical reaction [the Yang photocyclization of the α-methylbenzylamine salt with 1-(4-carboxybenzoyl)-1-methyladamantane] were monitored step-by-step using X-ray structure analysis. This is the first example of such a study carried out for an intramolecular photochemical reaction. During the photoreaction, both the reactant and product molecules change their orientation, but the reactant changes more rapidly after the reaction is about 80% complete. The distance between directly reacting atoms in the reactant molecule is almost constant until about 80% reaction progress and afterwards decreases. The torsion angle defined by the reactant atoms that form the cyclobutane ring also changes in the final stages of the photoreaction. These phenomena are explained in terms of the influence of many product molecules upon a small number of reacting molecules. The adamantane portion shifts more than the remaining part of the anionic reactant species during the reaction, which is explained in terms of hydrogen bonding. The structural changes are accompanied by changes in the cell constants. The results obtained in the present study are compared with analogous results published for intermolecular reactions.