This chapter synthesizes a number of hypotheses centered around the invention of the superego (Über-Ich) and simultaneously upon the relation between psychoanalytic discourse and the problem of the political: not as a relation of application, a philosophical analogy, or simply of their mutual dependence on a common anthropology or theory of “culture,” but rather as a veritable reciprocity of perspectives, manifest in a recurring question that both fields recognize as their own. This reciprocity, the chapter argues, is manifestly evidenced in Freud's very introduction of the concept of the “superego,” which thus becomes the representative of the political at the heart of the theory of the unconscious just as it is or could be the representative of the unconscious psyche at the heart of political theory.