O3FA ALLEVIATES INFLAMMATION IN CHALLENGED ANIMAL MODELS AND EXERTS INHIBITORY EFFECT ON LEUKOCYTE DIFFERENTIAL PARAMETERS IN CARRAGEENAN-INDUCED PERITONITIS

Abstract

Introduction : Anti-inflammatory action of dietary omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acid (O3FA) supplementation in animal models was studied using standard methods. The therapeutic safety of anti-inflammatory supplements utilizing natural forms, such as omega -3 fatty acids (n-3 fatty acids), is important in addition to its effectiveness. Methods: The nutritional intervention of omega-3 fish oil extract in experimental animals for acute inflammatory models was investigated using standard methods (Carrageenan, Arachidonic acid, and Prostaglandin E2 analyses). Total leukocyte count and differential parameters in carrageenan-induced peritonitis were also determined by standard methods. Results: Results obtained demonstrated a notable reduction in inflammation caused by the O3FA. For groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, the percentage inhibition of the carrageenan-induced paw oedema after 24 hours was 78.57 %, 57.14 %, 50.00 %, 100.00 % and 92.85 %, respectively. Arachidonic acid-induced ear oedema percentage inhibition was 30, 24, 27, 37, and 40 %, while the PGE-2 test showed inhibition of by 44.16, 52.48, 61.34, 74, and 80.05 %. The novelty of the work is demonstrated in the use of dietary supplements as anti- inflammatory compounds as opposed to the usual non- steroidal anti-inflammatories. The results also show O3FA exerting an inhibitory effect on leukocyte parameters. As the dose of the extract increased, there was a trend of decreasing total leukocyte count. The groups administered with a 20mg dose of celecoxib (5.6 ± 0.23 x 10 3) and a combination of 300mg O3FA with 20mg celecoxib (5.9 ± 0.18 x 10 3) exhibited the lowest overall leukocyte count, notably lacking statistically significant variance. Conclusion: This outcome underscores the extract's heightened inhibitory impact on leukocyte migration amid peritonitis. Inhibition of carrageenan-induced peritonitis was 26.47, 18.63, 30.39, 42.16 and 45.09 %. The control group showed an ANC of 6.74 x 10 3/µL, an ALC of 3.09 x 10 3/µL, and an AMXD of 0.37 x 10 3/µL. Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) for all the treatment groups fall between 3080 - 6740µl which is within the acceptable limit of 2500 - 7000µl for ANC. Also, for ALC, which is 2300 - 3090µl from the table has an acceptable limit of 1000 - 5000µl while that for MXD from the table is from 220 - 370µl which is well within the limit of 200 – 1090µl acceptability.