Nutritional support for different conditions accompanied with protein and energy insufficiency in children

Abstract

Introduction. Malnutrition in children manifests itself in the form of general metabolic disorders and leads to impaired cellular differentiation of tissues. The state of nutritional status is an important success factor in the treatment of any disease, therefore, the development of methodological approaches to optimize the nutritional status of children with protein-energy malnutrition is an urgent task.Aim. To study the efficacy and safety of nutritional support in various conditions accompanied by protein-energy malnutrition in children.Materials and methods. 62 cases were analyzed: including 29 with antibiotic-associated diarrhea, 8 with celiac disease, 14 with gastrointestinal allergy (allergic enteropathy), 11 with hypostature against the background of low gestational age with birth. Age – 1–10 years. All patients were divided into groups identical in age, nosology, gender, duration of the pathological condition, degree of malnutrition. In the main group (31 children), the main treatment included a low-microbial diet, sips, parenteral nutrition with glucose-salt solutions (7–10 days), enteral nutrition. The control group consisted of 31 children, in whose therapy there was no enteral nutrition. Anthropometry, clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination were used to assess the nutritional status.Results and discussion. The main syndromes during treatment are: underweight, loss of appetite, intestinal dyspepsia and malabsorption. Analysis of the diet indicated the monotony of the set of products. The course of nutritional support was 15 days. The survey was conducted on the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th days of the study. The effect of using enteral nutrition in terms of physical development, clinical and laboratory parameters was more significant in the main group compared to conventional methods of nutrition optimization.Conclusions. The use of enteral nutrition in combination with drug therapy shows more significant effectiveness compared to conventional methods of nutrition optimization.