Postcovid syndrome, cardiovascular disorders

Abstract

Coronavirus infection has become one of the biggest shocks of our time. Coronaviruses are viruses with a positive RNA chain, most often affecting the respiratory tract. The virus penetrates into human type II alveolar cells using receptors for angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (APF2). SARS-CoV uses specific host cell factors throughout its infection cycle. The virus replicates inside cells, distracting the body’s own cellular mechanisms, and binds the virion to the APF2 receptor. The number of COVID-19 patients is more than 100 million people. Many recovered people note the persistence of symptoms for several months after an acute illness. Most often, patients complain of shortness of breath, fatigue, general weakness, pain behind the sternum, palpitations. Many studies have clearly demonstrated the effect of COVID-19 on metabolic disorders, the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases and mortality. The studies have shown that inflammation is formed in the myocardium. Its pathogenesis is not fully elucidated. According to two main theories, APF2 plays an important role in myocardial damage, as well as a  hyperimmune response, which can independently lead to myocarditis. The frequency and prognostic effect of COVID-19 myocarditis are unknown. This article analyzes the current literature data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of  postcovid syndrome, in  particular subacute COVID-19 in  the focus of  cardiovascular disorders. The search for relevant literature was carried out on the basis of Web of Science, PubMed, by keywords: long COVID-19, cardiovascular diseases, postacute COVID-19 syndrome, SARS-CoV-2. The analysis included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, clinical studies, literature reviews published over the past 2 years.