Affiliation:
1. Federal State Budgetary Institution «Blokhin National Cancer Research Center» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
Abstract
Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is a significant problem of modern Oncology. Until recently, sorafenib was the only drug in the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic HCC. Knowledge of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and tumor escape from the immune response is the basis for immunotherapy in the treatment of malignant tumors and HCC, in particular. Сlinical trials have shown immunotherapy significantly improves the results of treatment of patients with locally advanced and metastatic HCC with controlled toxicity profile. Currently, nivolumab and pembrolizumab (сheckpoint inhibitors) have been registered as the second line of treatment after progression on sorafenib. Clinical trials are needed to identify optimal combinations of drugs and sequences of their use in different clinical situations.
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