The impact of novel coronavirus infection and Sputnik V / Sputnik Light vaccination on menstrual function

Abstract

Introduction. The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused the pandemic in 2020 and significant damage to the health of all mankind. Nowadays it’s still unclear how large the influence of COVID-19 and vaccination Sputnik V / Sputnik Light on women’s reproductive health, that’s why this question is topical and requires researches to be answered.Aim. To find out if there are any changes in frequency of dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia, length of menstrual cycle and menstruation in women which had COVID-19 or were vaccinated Sputnik V / Sputnik Light.Materials and methods. An uncontrolled (before-after) study was carried out, data collection was made by questionnaire. 344 women took part in this study, all of them were patients of «Family» Clinic. 277 of them had COVID-19 and 236 were vaccinated Sputnik V / Sputnik Light. Processing of received data was made by statistical methods: McNemar’s test and Wilcoxon sighed ranks test.Results and discussion. After COVID-19, there was a statistically significant increase in the length of the menstrual cycle from 28 days (Q1 = 28.0; Q3 = 30.0) to 29 days (Q1 = 27.0; Q3 = 32.0), (p = 0.023) in 30.26% of women. The duration of menstruation after a new coronavirus infection also increased statistically significantly in 20.3% of women (p = 0.031), but the median did not change. In the post-vaccination period, there were no statistically significant changes in both the duration of menstruation and the length of the menstrual cycle (p = 0.793 and p = 0.356, respectively). A statistically significant increase in the frequency of menorrhagia was found from 21.0 to 28.8% after COVID-19 (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant dynamics in the frequency of dysmenorrhea in the post-COVID period (p = 0.152). After Sputnik V / Sputnik Light vaccination, there was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of menorrhagia from 20.3 to 24.6% (p = 0.013). However, there was no statistically significant dynamics in the frequency of dysmenorrhea in the postoperative period (p = 0.581).Conclusion. COVID-19 does not affect the frequency of dysmenorrhea, however, after this disease, there is an increase in the duration of the menstrual cycle and menstruation, as well as the frequency of menorrhagia, which may be associated with the use of anticoagulants as COVID-19 therapy. Vaccination Sputnik V / Sputnik Light has an effect only on the frequency of menorrhagia, increasing it. We need further researches to completely evaluate the impact of COVID-19 and vaccination on women’s menstrual function.