Modern method of hormonal contraception – transdermal patch

Abstract

The article considers the first transdermal contraceptive patch developed in the 1980s and adapted for use in 2002. The transdermal contraceptive drug contains the progestin norelgestromin and the estrogen ethinyl estradiol. The contraceptive patch is a thin laminated matrix-like system consisting of 4 layers: an outer protective layer of polyester, a layer with drug substances, a permeable membrane and a clear polyester release liner that is removed before patch application. The patch is applied once a week for 3 consecutive weeks (21 days), followed by 1 patch-free week per cycle. Comparative clinical studies have shown that the efficacy and safety of the contraceptive system is comparable to those of combined oral contraceptives, mild to moderate local reactions are uncommon. The overall satisfaction with the transdermal system was 88%, most patients note the convenience and ease of use of the patch, the absence of the need for daily monitoring. The advantage of the transdermal system is that it is free from shortcomings of the oral dosage form: the use of Evra patch has no first-pass effect which occurs when the drug enters the liver and the active substances are not metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract, which increases their bioavailability. The increased sweating during physical activities, as well as humid and hot climate conditions do not affect the patch adhesion. Thus, the transdermal patch is free from the shortcomings that may occur while taking combined oral contraceptives, and is comparable to them in terms of cycle control efficacy, safety and side effects. The transdermal system compliance is high due to the ease of its use.