Prospects for the application of bacteriophages in the treatment of sinusitis caused by antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains

Abstract

Purulent diseases in otorhinolaryngology are of great interest due to their widespread prevalence and the objective difficulties of treatment. One of the most frequently encountered nosological forms is purulent sinusitis. A key element in the complex treatment of bacterial sinusitis is systemic antibiotic therapy aimed at the eradication of pathobionts from the focus of infection. However, the increasing worldwide drug resistance of etiologically significant microorganisms complicates antibacterial chemotherapy of purulent sinusitis and raises questions about its future feasibility. The threat of a change from a resistance era to a post-antibiotic era is very significant, given the acute shortage of new antibiotics and the relatively rapid adaptation of bacterial microorganisms to them. The global community is therefore faced with the challenge of finding other drugs with antimicrobial activity. In recent decades, genetically modified virulent bacteriophages and phagolytes isolated on their basis are becoming increasingly attractive in the fight against purulent infections of various localizations caused by drug-resistant bacteria. This literature review focuses on the potential of phage therapy for acute bacterial sinusitis in an era of globally increasing bacterial strain resistance. The article details the causative agents of community-acquired and hospital-acquired acute sinusitis, the main mechanisms of bacterial antibiotic resistance, the effect of virulent phages on bacteria, and studies on the efficacy of phage therapy in the treatment of acute sinusitis. The facts outlined herein clearly indicate the efficacy of phage therapy, as well as therapeutic perspectives on using bacteriophages in the complex treatment of purulent sinusitis caused by antibiotic-resistant microbiota.