1. Ph.D. Student, Department of Management, National School of Business and Management, Ibn Tofail University, Morocco
2. Ph.D. Student, Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Management Ain sbaa, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Morocco
3. Ph.D., Department of Economics, Faculty of Law and Economics, Cadi Ayyad University Marrakesh, Morocco
4. Ph.D., Professor, Department of Management, National School of Business and Management, Ibn Tofail University, Morocco