1. 1) Arao, S., Mihara, T. and Kusuda, T. : An optimal design method of storm sewer network considered with manhole energy loss, Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, No. 614, pp. 109-120, 1999 (in Japanese).
2. 2) Arao, S. and Kusuda, T. : Formula on energy losses at two-way circular drop manhole, Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu G, Vol. 62, No. 1, pp. 162-170, 2006 (in Japanese).
3. 3) Marsalek, J. : Head Losses at Selected Sewer Manholes, Special Report, No. 52, American Public Works Association, Chicago, 1985.
4. 4) Lindvall, G. : Head losses at surcharged manholes with a main pipe and 90° lateral, Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on Urban Storm Drainage, Chalmers Univ. of Technology, Goetborg, Sweden, pp. 137-146, 1984.
5. 5) Kerenyi, K. and Jones, S. : Energy Losses in Storm Drain Access Holes, January/February 2006 Publish Road, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 2006.