Comprehensive Review on Phytosomes: A Novel Drug Delivery System of Phytoconstituents

Abstract

Phytosomes are referred to as novel compounds containing lipophiliccomplexes of components of different plants which are composed of glycerophospholipids. In the novel drug delivery system, it is a need of the hour to search for such a novel delivery system that can provide more bioavailability and efficacy for any extract containing phytoconstituents or Phyto extracts. The present study data were collected from extensive literature surveys from different esteemed scientific repositories such as Pubmed, Science direct, Research gate, Cochrane, Google scholar, Willey, Core, 1Library, etc. Many phytoconstituents that are obtained from nature have high biological activities in many chronic diseases and has the best therapeutic efficacy. The main advantage of using phytoconstituents is that it does not have most adverse side effects. Phytosome is used for phytopharmaceutical formulations, herbal formulations, and in Ayurveda. It improves the bioavailability of medicaments and absorption of drug molecules. It has a better pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile as compared to the normal traditional medicinal plant extracts. The objective of this comprehensive review work is, to provide a combination of all the scientific aspects regarding the phytosomes (phyto-phospholipids complexes) point of view that were missed by some articles by highlighting the history, technology, characterization, chemical properties, its preparation, formulation, interactions, solvents systems, therapeutic utilization with dosages forms, side effects, latest patented technology, the difference between phytosome and liposome, Phyto-phospholipid complexes, Lamellarity and Stability, Solubility and partition coefficient, SEM & TEM, FTIR spectroscopy, bioavailability, advantages, other lipid-based nano-carriers; similarities and differences, biological or pharmacological properties, interactions between active constituents and phospholipids, vesicular systems for phytosome development, commercial marketed phytosomes products, recent advancements and limitations in this review paper