Differences in Risk Factors for Decreased Cervical Lordosis after Multiple-Segment Laminoplasty for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy and Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Study Design: Retrospective study.Purpose: To compare the radiographic risk factors for decreased cervical lordosis (CL) after laminoplasty, focusing on the difference between cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (C-OPLL).Overview of Literature: A few reports compared the risk factors for decreased CL between CSM and C-OPLL although these two pathologies have their characteristics.Methods: This study included 50 patients with CSM and 39 with C-OPLL who underwent multi-segment laminoplasty. Decreased CL was defined as the difference between preoperative and 2-year postoperative neutral C2–7 Cobb angles. Radiographic parameters included preoperative neutral C2–7 Cobb angles, C2–7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), T1 slope (T1S), dynamic extension reserve (DER), and range of motion. The radiographic risk factors were investigated for decreased CL in CSM and C-OPLL. Additionally, the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score was assessed preoperatively and 2 years postoperatively.Results: C2–7 SVA (<i>p</i> =0.018) and DER (<i>p</i> =0.002) were significantly correlated with decreased CL in CSM, while C2–7 Cobb angle (<i>p</i> =0.012) and C2–7 SVA (<i>p</i> =0.028) were correlated with decreased CL in C-OPLL. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that greater C2–7 SVA (<i>B</i> =0.22, <i>p</i> =0.026) and small DER (<i>B</i> =−0.53, <i>p</i> =0.002) were significantly associated with decreased CL in CSM. By contrast, greater C2–7 SVA (<i>B</i> =0.36, <i>p</i> =0.031) was significantly associated with decreased CL in C-OPLL. The JOA score significantly improved in both CSM and C-OPLL (<i>p</i> <0.001).Conclusions: C2–7 SVA was associated with a postoperative decreased CL in both CSM and C-OPLL, but DER was only associated with decreased CL in CSM. Risk factors for decreased CL slightly differed depending on the etiology of the condition.