Effect of Osteoporosis on Clinical and Radiological Outcomes Following One-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion

Abstract

Study Design: Retrospective study.Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate how osteoporosis affected the clinical and radiological outcomes of patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with plating.Overview of Literature: The incidence of complications associated with implants is high when ACDF is performed in patients with poor bone quality.Methods: In total, 101 patients without (T-score ≥1.0, group A) and 25 with (T-score ≤−2.5, group B) osteoporosis who underwent single-level ACDF with plating were followed up for >2 years. The clinical and radiological outcomes were compared between the two groups. The fusion rate and implant-related complications were evaluated.Results: Although clinical outcomes such as visual analog scale scores for the arm (2.0±2.3 vs. 2.4±2.9, <i>p</i>=0.490) and neck pain (1.4±1.9 vs. 1.8±2.2, <i>p</i>=0.343) and neck disability index (7.7±7.1 vs. 9.9±7.5, <i>p</i>=0.225) were slightly higher in group B, no statistically significant difference was noted. Cage subsidence (13.9% vs. 16.0%, <i>p</i>=0.755) and plate migration (7.9% vs. 8.0%, <i>p</i>=1.000) rates did not differ between the two groups. The fusion rate at 1 year postoperatively was higher in group A than in group B (80.3% vs. 68.2%, <i>p</i>=0.139) and slightly increased in both groups (94.6% vs. 86.4%, <i>p</i>=0.178) at the final follow-up.Conclusions: Osteoporosis did not significantly affect the rate of cage subsidence or plate migration after cervical fusion. After ACDF, increased cage subsidence and implant migration rates had no significant effect on clinical outcomes.