Exploring the Relationship between Cortical Thickness and Cognitive Abilities: A Multi-Modal Imaging Approach

Abstract

Background: Cortical thickness has been associated with cognitive abilities in prior research, but the specific relationships remain unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to further examine associations between cortical thickness in various brain regions and performance on tests of intelligence and executive function. Methods: Structural MRI scans were obtained from 65 healthy adults aged 18-35. Cortical thickness was estimated across the cortex using Free Surfer software. Participants completed standard tests measuring IQ, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control. Correlation and regression analyses were used to relate regional cortical thickness to cognitive scores. Results: This study showed cortical thickness in prefrontal regions positively correlated with IQ, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. No significant associations were found between cortical thickness and response inhibition. Conclusions: The findings provide evidence for links between PFC thickness and higher cognitive abilities. A multi-modal neuroimaging approach combining structural MRI and cognitive testing is useful for elucidating brain-behavior relationships. Further research with larger samples is needed to fully characterize these associations.