Dramatic decreases in brain reward function during nicotine withdrawal

Author:

Epping-Jordan Mark P.,Watkins Shelly S.,Koob George F.,Markou Athina

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference30 articles.

1. Malarcher, A. M., Chrismon, J. H., Giovino, G. A. & Erikson, M. P. Smoking-attributable mortality and years of potential life lost—United States, 1984. Morb. Mort. Weekly Rep. 46, 444–451 (1997).

2. Stolerman, I. P. & Jarvis, M. J. The scientific case that nicotine is addictive. Psychopharmacology 117, 2–10 (1995).

3. Risner, M. E. & Goldberg, S. R. Acomparison of nicotine and cocaine self-administration in the dog: fixed-ratio and progressive-ratio schedules of intravenous drug infusion. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 224, 319–326 (1983).

4. US Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: Nicotine Addiction: A Report of the U.S. Surgeon General. (US Government Printing Office, WashingtonD, (1988).

5. Hughes, J. R., Gust, S. W., Skoog, K., Keenan, R. M. & Fenwick, J. W. Symptoms of tobacco withdrawal: a replication and extension. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 48, 52–59 (1991).

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