Geology and land use shape nitrogen and sulfur cycling groundwater microbial communities in Pacific Island aquifers

Author:

Watson Sheree J1ORCID,Arisdakessian Cédric12ORCID,Petelo Maria1,Keliipuleole Kekuʻiapōiula13ORCID,Tachera Diamond K4ORCID,Okuhata Brytne K4,Dulai Henrietta4ORCID,Frank Kiana L1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Pacific Biosciences Research Center , Honolulu, HI, USA

2. University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Department of Information and Computer Sciences , Honolulu, HI, USA

3. University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Marine Biology Graduate Program , Honolulu, HI, USA

4. University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Department of Earth Sciences , Honolulu, HI, USA

Abstract

Abstract Resource-constrained island populations have thrived in Hawai’i for over a millennium, but now face aggressive new challenges to fundamental resources, including the security and sustainability of water resources. Characterizing the microbial community in groundwater ecosystems is a powerful approach to infer changes from human impacts due to land management in hydrogeological complex aquifers. In this study, we investigate how geology and land management influence geochemistry, microbial diversity and metabolic functions. We sampled a total of 19 wells over 2-years across the Hualālai watershed of Kona, Hawai’i analyzing geochemistry, and microbial communities by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Geochemical analysis revealed significantly higher sulfate along the northwest volcanic rift zone, and high nitrogen (N) correlated with high on-site sewage disposal systems (OSDS) density. A total of 12,973 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASV) were identified in 220 samples, including 865 ASVs classified as putative N and sulfur (S) cyclers. The N and S cyclers were dominated by a putative S-oxidizer coupled to complete denitrification (Acinetobacter), significantly enriched up to 4-times comparatively amongst samples grouped by geochemistry. The significant presence of Acinetobacter infers the bioremediation potential of volcanic groundwater for microbial-driven coupled S-oxidation and denitrification providing an ecosystem service for island populations dependent upon groundwater aquifers.

Funder

National Science Foundation

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

General Medicine

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