1. Statistics: Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) by Source, World 1990–2016 (IEA, accessed 3 July 2019);
https://go.nature.com/318uBiG
2. de Vries, A. Joule 2, 801–805 (2018).
3. Narayanan, A., Bonneau, J., Felten, E., Miller, A. & Goldfeder, S. Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies (Princeton Univ. Press, 2016).
4. Mora, C. et al. Nat. Clim. Change 8, 931–933 (2018).
5. Bendiksen, C. & Gibbons, S. The Bitcoin Mining Network: Trends, Average Creation Costs, Electricity Consumption & Sources (CoinShares Research, 2019);
https://go.nature.com/2LQMHm0