State of global land regulation inadequate to control biofuel land-use-change emissions

Author:

Merfort LeonORCID,Bauer NicoORCID,Humpenöder FlorianORCID,Klein David,Strefler JessicaORCID,Popp AlexanderORCID,Luderer GunnarORCID,Kriegler ElmarORCID

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Social Sciences (miscellaneous),Environmental Science (miscellaneous)

Reference5 articles.

1. Wise, M. et al. Implications of limiting CO2 concentrations for land use and energy. Science 324, 1183–1186 (2009). This study showed how bioenergy in an uncontrolled land-use system leads to massive land-use-change CO2 emissions that are self-amplifying due to feedback with the energy sector, where the lower remaining carbon budget increases the demand for bioenergy.

2. Yeh, S., Witcover, J., Lade, G. E. & Sperling, D. A review of low carbon fuel policies: principles, program status and future directions. Energy Policy 97, 220–234 (2016). This study gives an overview of the status of low-carbon fuel standards (in particular biofuel policies) and shows that current policies aimed at promoting biofuels to reduce carbon emissions rely on specific biofuel EFs (‘carbon intensity standards’).

3. Daioglou, V. et al. Progress and barriers in understanding and preventing indirect land-use change. Biofuel. Bioprod. Biorefin. 14, 924–934 (2020). This literature review on indirect land-use change from biofuels supports one of our main findings that indirect land-use change EFs are a poor guiding principle for evaluating the climate impact of biofuels due to high uncertainties.

4. Heck, V., Gerten, D., Lucht, W. & Popp, A. Biomass-based negative emissions difficult to reconcile with planetary boundaries. Nat. Clim. Change 8, 151–155 (2018). This study with a focus on bioenergy with carbon capture and storage shows the adverse side effects of bioenergy production in addition to the potentially high CO2 emissions.

5. Luderer, G. et al. Impact of declining renewable energy costs on electrification in low-emission scenarios. Nat. Energy 7, 32–42 (2022). This study shows how declining renewable-energy costs can substantially reduce the reliance on carbonaceous fuels (such as biofuels) without missing climate targets.

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