Abstract
AbstractSuper-resolution microscopy is typically not applicable to in situ imaging through a narrow channel due to the requirement for complex optics. Although multimode fibres (MMFs) have emerged as a potential platform for cost-effective and precise endoscopic imaging, they suffer from extreme sensitivity to bending and other external conditions. Here we demonstrate imaging through a single thin MMF for in vivo light-field encoded imaging with subcellular resolution. We refer to the technique as spatial-frequency tracking adaptive beacon light-field-encoded (STABLE) endoscopy. Spatial-frequency beacon tracking provides up to 1 kHz disorder tracking frequency, thus ensuring stable imaging through long-haul MMFs under fibre bending and various operating conditions. The full-vector modulation and fluorescence emission difference are combined to enhance the imaging signal-to-noise ratio and achieve a subdiffraction resolution of 250 nm. We integrate STABLE in a white-light endoscope and demonstrate cross-scale imaging in a bronchus model and in vivo imaging in mice models. The high-resolution and resilience to observation in a minimally invasive manner paves the way to the expansion of MMF in endoscopy to the study of disease mechanisms in biomedical sciences and clinical studies.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Cited by
12 articles.
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