Abstract
AbstractReinforcement feedback can improve motor learning, but the underlying brain mechanisms remain underexplored. In particular, the causal contribution of specific patterns of oscillatory activity within the human striatum is unknown. To address this question, we exploited a recently developed non-invasive deep brain stimulation technique called transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) during reinforcement motor learning with concurrent neuroimaging, in a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind study. Striatal tTIS applied at 80 Hz, but not at 20 Hz, abolished the benefits of reinforcement on motor learning. This effect was related to a selective modulation of neural activity within the striatum. Moreover, 80 Hz, but not 20 Hz, tTIS increased the neuromodulatory influence of the striatum on frontal areas involved in reinforcement motor learning. These results show that tTIS can non-invasively and selectively modulate a striatal mechanism involved in reinforcement learning, expanding our tools for the study of causal relationships between deep brain structures and human behaviour.
Funder
Fondation Bertarelli
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
Platform for Education and Talent (Gustave Boël - Sofina Fellowships) and Wallonie-Bruxelles International
Novartis Foundation
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Cited by
5 articles.
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