Let the question determine the methods: descriptive epidemiology done right

Author:

Conroy SaraORCID,Murray Eleanor J.

Abstract

SummaryWhat does it mean to control for confounding, and when do we actually need to do it? To answer this, we need a well-defined research question, driven by the goal of the study. For descriptive goals, we explain that confounding adjustment is often not just unnecessary but can be harmful.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology

Reference10 articles.

1. Pedersen, A. B., Horváth-Puhó, E., Ehrenstein, V., Rørth, M. & Sørensen, H. T. Frozen shoulder and risk of cancer: a population-based cohort study. Br. J. Cancer 117, 144–147 (2017).

2. function2fitnes. Massive population-based study. First nationwide cohort study to examine cancer risk in frozen shoulder patients from British Journal of Cancer. What is the risk of a cancer diagnosis after an incident diagnosis of frozen shoulder? Open Access’ https://t.co/xEh2yy2irN; https://t.co/YZ3soly2GE. Available from https://twitter.com/function2fitnes/status/1214321809178464256 (2020).

3. giovanni_ef. There is no way in the world this study can even start answering this question. There is absolutely no information on how confounding was handled—which wasn’t even mentioned as a study limitation. This is pure epidemiological rubbish. Available from https://twitter.com/giovanni_ef/status/1214332942417158144 (2020).

4. LiniearProbe. The risk of this study is clinicians & patients worrying that FS might be a forerunner of cancer when: A) this cannot be supported by this study B) may lead to unnecessary further Ix & referrals Treat FS as FS and use the same clinical skills to be alert to red flags as always. Available from https://twitter.com/LinearProbe/status/1214527944439283712 (2020).

5. Suzuki, E., Shinozaki, T. & Yamamoto, E. Causal diagrams: pitfalls and tips. J. Epidemiol. 30, 153–162 (2020).

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