Association of post-diagnostic use of cholera vaccine with survival outcome in breast cancer patients

Abstract

Abstract Background Expensive cancer treatment calls for alternative ways such as drug repurposing to develop effective drugs. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of post-diagnostic use of cholera vaccine on survival outcome in breast cancer patients. Methods Cancer diagnosis and cholera vaccination were obtained by linkage of several Swedish national registries. One vaccinated patient was matched with maximum two unvaccinated individuals based on demographic, clinical and socioeconomic factors. We performed proportional Cox regression model to analyse the differences in overall and disease-specific survivals between the matched patients. Results In total, 617 patients received cholera vaccine after breast cancer diagnosis. The median (interquartile range) time from diagnosis to vaccination was 30 (15–51) months and from vaccination to the end of follow-up it was 62 (47–85) months. Among them, 603 patients were matched with 1194 unvaccinated patients. Vaccinated patients showed favourable overall survival (hazard ratio (HR): 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37–0.79) and disease-specific survival (HR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.33–0.84), compared to their unvaccinated counterpart. The results were still significant in multiple sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Post-diagnostic use of cholera vaccine is associated with a favourable survival rate in breast cancer patients; this provides evidence for repurposing it against breast cancer.