Phylogenomics and the rise of the angiosperms

Author:

Zuntini Alexandre R.ORCID,Carruthers Tom,Maurin OlivierORCID,Bailey Paul C.ORCID,Leempoel KevinORCID,Brewer Grace E.,Epitawalage Niroshini,Françoso ElaineORCID,Gallego-Paramo BertaORCID,McGinnie Catherine,Negrão RaquelORCID,Roy Shyamali R.,Simpson Lalita,Toledo Romero Eduardo,Barber Vanessa M. A.,Botigué LauraORCID,Clarkson James J.,Cowan Robyn S.,Dodsworth StevenORCID,Johnson Matthew G.ORCID,Kim Jan T.,Pokorny LisaORCID,Wickett Norman J.ORCID,Antar Guilherme M.ORCID,DeBolt Lucinda,Gutierrez Karime,Hendriks Kasper P.ORCID,Hoewener AlinaORCID,Hu Ai-QunORCID,Joyce Elizabeth M.ORCID,Kikuchi Izai A. B. S.ORCID,Larridon IsabelORCID,Larson Drew A.ORCID,de Lírio Elton JohnORCID,Liu Jing-Xia,Malakasi Panagiota,Przelomska Natalia A. S.ORCID,Shah Toral,Viruel JuanORCID,Allnutt Theodore R.ORCID,Ameka Gabriel K.ORCID,Andrew Rose L.ORCID,Appelhans Marc S.,Arista MontserratORCID,Ariza María Jesús,Arroyo Juan,Arthan WatcharaORCID,Bachelier Julien B.,Bailey C. Donovan,Barnes Helen F.,Barrett Matthew D.ORCID,Barrett Russell L.ORCID,Bayer Randall J.ORCID,Bayly Michael J.ORCID,Biffin EdORCID,Biggs Nicky,Birch Joanne L.ORCID,Bogarín DiegoORCID,Borosova RenataORCID,Bowles Alexander M. C.ORCID,Boyce Peter C.,Bramley Gemma L. C.,Briggs MarieORCID,Broadhurst LindaORCID,Brown Gillian K.,Bruhl Jeremy J.,Bruneau AnneORCID,Buerki SvenORCID,Burns Edie,Byrne MargaretORCID,Cable Stuart,Calladine AinsleyORCID,Callmander Martin W.ORCID,Cano ÁngelaORCID,Cantrill David J.ORCID,Cardinal-McTeague Warren M.ORCID,Carlsen Mónica M.ORCID,Carruthers Abigail J. A.ORCID,de Castro Mateo Alejandra,Chase Mark W.ORCID,Chatrou Lars W.ORCID,Cheek Martin,Chen ShilinORCID,Christenhusz Maarten J. M.ORCID,Christin Pascal-AntoineORCID,Clements Mark A.,Coffey Skye C.ORCID,Conran John G.ORCID,Cornejo Xavier,Couvreur Thomas L. P.ORCID,Cowie Ian D.,Csiba Laszlo,Darbyshire IainORCID,Davidse Gerrit,Davies Nina M. J.ORCID,Davis Aaron P.ORCID,van Dijk Kor-jentORCID,Downie Stephen R.ORCID,Duretto Marco F.ORCID,Duvall Melvin R.,Edwards Sara L.,Eggli UrsORCID,Erkens Roy H. J.ORCID,Escudero MarcialORCID,de la Estrella ManuelORCID,Fabriani FedericoORCID,Fay Michael F.ORCID,Ferreira Paola de L.,Ficinski Sarah Z.,Fowler Rachael M.ORCID,Frisby Sue,Fu LinORCID,Fulcher Tim,Galbany-Casals MercèORCID,Gardner Elliot M.ORCID,German Dmitry A.ORCID,Giaretta Augusto,Gibernau MarcORCID,Gillespie Lynn J.ORCID,González Cynthia C.ORCID,Goyder David J.ORCID,Graham Sean W.ORCID,Grall Aurélie,Green LauraORCID,Gunn Bee F.ORCID,Gutiérrez Diego G.,Hackel JanORCID,Haevermans ThomasORCID,Haigh AnnaORCID,Hall Jocelyn C.ORCID,Hall Tony,Harrison Melissa J.,Hatt Sebastian A.,Hidalgo OrianeORCID,Hodkinson Trevor R.ORCID,Holmes Gareth D.ORCID,Hopkins Helen C. F.ORCID,Jackson Christopher J.,James Shelley A.ORCID,Jobson Richard W.ORCID,Kadereit Gudrun,Kahandawala Imalka M.,Kainulainen KentORCID,Kato MasahiroORCID,Kellogg Elizabeth A.ORCID,King Graham J.ORCID,Klejevskaja Beata,Klitgaard Bente B.,Klopper Ronell R.ORCID,Knapp SandraORCID,Koch Marcus A.ORCID,Leebens-Mack James H.ORCID,Lens FredericORCID,Leon Christine J.,Léveillé-Bourret ÉtienneORCID,Lewis Gwilym P.ORCID,Li De-ZhuORCID,Li Lan,Liede-Schumann SigridORCID,Livshultz TatyanaORCID,Lorence David,Lu MengORCID,Lu-Irving PatriciaORCID,Luber Jaquelini,Lucas Eve J.ORCID,Luján Manuel,Lum MabelORCID,Macfarlane Terry D.ORCID,Magdalena Carlos,Mansano Vidal F.,Masters Lizo E.ORCID,Mayo Simon J.,McColl Kristina,McDonnell Angela J.ORCID,McDougall Andrew E.ORCID,McLay Todd G. B.ORCID,McPherson HannahORCID,Meneses Rosa I.ORCID,Merckx Vincent S. F. T.ORCID,Michelangeli Fabián A.ORCID,Mitchell John D.,Monro Alexandre K.ORCID,Moore Michael J.ORCID,Mueller Taryn L.ORCID,Mummenhoff KlausORCID,Munzinger JérômeORCID,Muriel PriscillaORCID,Murphy Daniel J.ORCID,Nargar KatharinaORCID,Nauheimer LarsORCID,Nge Francis J.ORCID,Nyffeler RetoORCID,Orejuela AndrésORCID,Ortiz Edgardo M.ORCID,Palazzesi LuisORCID,Peixoto Ariane Luna,Pell Susan K.ORCID,Pellicer JaumeORCID,Penneys Darin S.ORCID,Perez-Escobar Oscar A.,Persson Claes,Pignal MarcORCID,Pillon YohanORCID,Pirani José R.ORCID,Plunkett Gregory M.ORCID,Powell Robyn F.,Prance Ghillean T.,Puglisi CarmenORCID,Qin Ming,Rabeler Richard K.ORCID,Rees Paul E. J.,Renner MatthewORCID,Roalson Eric H.ORCID,Rodda MicheleORCID,Rogers Zachary S.ORCID,Rokni Saba,Rutishauser Rolf,de Salas Miguel F.ORCID,Schaefer HannoORCID,Schley Rowan J.ORCID,Schmidt-Lebuhn AlexanderORCID,Shapcott AlisonORCID,Al-Shehbaz Ihsan,Shepherd Kelly A.ORCID,Simmons Mark P.,Simões André O.,Simões Ana Rita G.ORCID,Siros MichelleORCID,Smidt Eric C.ORCID,Smith James F.,Snow Neil,Soltis Douglas E.ORCID,Soltis Pamela S.ORCID,Soreng Robert J.ORCID,Sothers Cynthia A.ORCID,Starr Julian R.,Stevens Peter F.,Straub Shannon C. K.ORCID,Struwe Lena,Taylor Jennifer M.,Telford Ian R. H.,Thornhill Andrew H.ORCID,Tooth Ifeanna,Trias-Blasi Anna,Udovicic FrankORCID,Utteridge Timothy M. A.ORCID,Del Valle Jose C.ORCID,Verboom G. Anthony,Vonow Helen P.ORCID,Vorontsova Maria S.ORCID,de Vos Jurriaan M.ORCID,Al-Wattar Noor,Waycott MichelleORCID,Welker Cassiano A. D.ORCID,White Adam J.,Wieringa Jan J.ORCID,Williamson Luis T.ORCID,Wilson Trevor C.ORCID,Wong Sin YengORCID,Woods Lisa A.,Woods Roseina,Worboys StuartORCID,Xanthos Martin,Yang YaORCID,Zhang Yu-Xiao,Zhou Meng-YuanORCID,Zmarzty Sue,Zuloaga Fernando O.,Antonelli AlexandreORCID,Bellot SidonieORCID,Crayn Darren M.ORCID,Grace Olwen M.ORCID,Kersey Paul J.ORCID,Leitch Ilia J.ORCID,Sauquet HervéORCID,Smith Stephen A.ORCID,Eiserhardt Wolf L.ORCID,Forest FélixORCID,Baker William J.ORCID

Abstract

AbstractAngiosperms are the cornerstone of most terrestrial ecosystems and human livelihoods1,2. A robust understanding of angiosperm evolution is required to explain their rise to ecological dominance. So far, the angiosperm tree of life has been determined primarily by means of analyses of the plastid genome3,4. Many studies have drawn on this foundational work, such as classification and first insights into angiosperm diversification since their Mesozoic origins5–7. However, the limited and biased sampling of both taxa and genomes undermines confidence in the tree and its implications. Here, we build the tree of life for almost 8,000 (about 60%) angiosperm genera using a standardized set of 353 nuclear genes8. This 15-fold increase in genus-level sampling relative to comparable nuclear studies9 provides a critical test of earlier results and brings notable change to key groups, especially in rosids, while substantiating many previously predicted relationships. Scaling this tree to time using 200 fossils, we discovered that early angiosperm evolution was characterized by high gene tree conflict and explosive diversification, giving rise to more than 80% of extant angiosperm orders. Steady diversification ensued through the remaining Mesozoic Era until rates resurged in the Cenozoic Era, concurrent with decreasing global temperatures and tightly linked with gene tree conflict. Taken together, our extensive sampling combined with advanced phylogenomic methods shows the deep history and full complexity in the evolution of a megadiverse clade.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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