Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRISS
Author:
Feinstein Adina D.ORCID, Radica Michael, Welbanks Luis, Murray Catriona Anne, Ohno Kazumasa, Coulombe Louis-Philippe, Espinoza Néstor, Bean Jacob L., Teske Johanna K., Benneke Björn, Line Michael R.ORCID, Rustamkulov ZafarORCID, Saba Arianna, Tsiaras Angelos, Barstow Joanna K., Fortney Jonathan J., Gao Peter, Knutson Heather A., MacDonald Ryan J., Mikal-Evans Thomas, Rackham Benjamin V., Taylor Jake, Parmentier Vivien, Batalha Natalie M., Berta-Thompson Zachory K., Carter Aarynn L., Changeat Quentin, dos Santos Leonardo A., Gibson Neale P., Goyal Jayesh M., Kreidberg Laura, López-Morales Mercedes, Lothringer Joshua D., Miguel Yamila, Molaverdikhani Karan, Moran Sarah E., Morello Giuseppe, Mukherjee Sagnick, Sing David K., Stevenson Kevin B., Wakeford Hannah R., Ahrer Eva-Maria, Alam Munazza K., Alderson Lili, Allen Natalie H., Batalha Natasha E., Bell Taylor J., Blecic Jasmina, Brande Jonathan, Caceres Claudio, Casewell S. L., Chubb Katy L., Crossfield Ian J. M., Crouzet Nicolas, Cubillos Patricio E., Decin Leen, Désert Jean-Michel, Harrington Joseph, Heng Kevin, Henning Thomas, Iro Nicolas, Kempton Eliza M.-R., Kendrew Sarah, Kirk James, Krick Jessica, Lagage Pierre-Olivier, Lendl Monika, Mancini Luigi, Mansfield Megan, May E. M., Mayne N. J., Nikolov Nikolay K., Palle Enric, Petit dit de la Roche Dominique J. M., Piaulet Caroline, Powell Diana, Redfield Seth, Rogers Laura K., Roman Michael T., Roy Pierre-Alexis, Nixon Matthew C., Schlawin Everett, Tan Xianyu, Tremblin P., Turner Jake D., Venot Olivia, Waalkes William C., Wheatley Peter J., Zhang Xi
Abstract
AbstractThe Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b has been the subject of extensive efforts to determine its atmospheric properties using transmission spectroscopy1–4. However, these efforts have been hampered by modelling degeneracies between composition and cloud properties that are caused by limited data quality5–9. Here we present the transmission spectrum of WASP-39b obtained using the Single-Object Slitless Spectroscopy (SOSS) mode of the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) instrument on the JWST. This spectrum spans 0.6–2.8 μm in wavelength and shows several water-absorption bands, the potassium resonance doublet and signatures of clouds. The precision and broad wavelength coverage of NIRISS/SOSS allows us to break model degeneracies between cloud properties and the atmospheric composition of WASP-39b, favouring a heavy-element enhancement (‘metallicity’) of about 10–30 times the solar value, a sub-solar carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio and a solar-to-super-solar potassium-to-oxygen (K/O) ratio. The observations are also best explained by wavelength-dependent, non-grey clouds with inhomogeneous coverageof the planet’s terminator.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Multidisciplinary
Reference129 articles.
1. Fischer, P. D. et al. HST hot-Jupiter transmission spectral survey: clear skies for cool Saturn WASP-39b. Astrophys. J. 827, 19 (2016). 2. Nikolov, N. et al. VLT FORS2 comparative transmission spectroscopy: detection of Na in the atmosphere of WASP-39b from the ground. Astrophys. J. 832, 191 (2016). 3. Wakeford, H. R. et al. The complete transmission spectrum of WASP-39b with a precise water constraint. Astron. J. 155, 29 (2018). 4. Kirk, J. et al. LRG-BEASTS: transmission spectroscopy and retrieval analysis of the highly inflated Saturn-mass planet WASP-39b. Astron. J. 158, 144 (2019). 5. Tsiaras, A. et al. A population study of gaseous exoplanets. Astron. J. 155, 156 (2018).
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