Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec G395H
Author:
Alderson LiliORCID, Wakeford Hannah R.ORCID, Alam Munazza K., Batalha Natasha E., Lothringer Joshua D.ORCID, Adams Redai Jea, Barat Saugata, Brande Jonathan, Damiano Mario, Daylan Tansu, Espinoza Néstor, Flagg Laura, Goyal Jayesh M., Grant David, Hu Renyu, Inglis Julie, Lee Elspeth K. H., Mikal-Evans Thomas, Ramos-Rosado Lakeisha, Roy Pierre-Alexis, Wallack Nicole L., Batalha Natalie M., Bean Jacob L., Benneke Björn, Berta-Thompson Zachory K., Carter Aarynn L., Changeat Quentin, Colón Knicole D., Crossfield Ian J. M., Désert Jean-Michel, Foreman-Mackey Daniel, Gibson Neale P., Kreidberg Laura, Line Michael R., López-Morales Mercedes, Molaverdikhani Karan, Moran Sarah E., Morello Giuseppe, Moses Julianne I., Mukherjee Sagnick, Schlawin Everett, Sing David K., Stevenson Kevin B., Taylor Jake, Aggarwal Keshav, Ahrer Eva-Maria, Allen Natalie H., Barstow Joanna K., Bell Taylor J., Blecic Jasmina, Casewell Sarah L., Chubb Katy L., Crouzet Nicolas, Cubillos Patricio E., Decin Leen, Feinstein Adina D., Fortney Joanthan J., Harrington Joseph, Heng Kevin, Iro Nicolas, Kempton Eliza M.-R., Kirk James, Knutson Heather A., Krick Jessica, Leconte Jérémy, Lendl Monika, MacDonald Ryan J., Mancini Luigi, Mansfield Megan, May Erin M., Mayne Nathan J., Miguel Yamila, Nikolov Nikolay K., Ohno Kazumasa, Palle Enric, Parmentier Vivien, Petit dit de la Roche Dominique J. M., Piaulet Caroline, Powell Diana, Rackham Benjamin V., Redfield Seth, Rogers Laura K., Rustamkulov Zafar, Tan Xianyu, Tremblin P., Tsai Shang-Min, Turner Jake D., de Val-Borro Miguel, Venot Olivia, Welbanks Luis, Wheatley Peter J., Zhang Xi
Abstract
AbstractMeasuring the abundances of carbon and oxygen in exoplanet atmospheres is considered a crucial avenue for unlocking the formation and evolution of exoplanetary systems1,2. Access to the chemical inventory of an exoplanet requires high-precision observations, often inferred from individual molecular detections with low-resolution space-based3–5 and high-resolution ground-based6–8 facilities. Here we report the medium-resolution (R ≈ 600) transmission spectrum of an exoplanet atmosphere between 3 and 5 μm covering several absorption features for the Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b (ref. 9), obtained with the Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) G395H grating of JWST. Our observations achieve 1.46 times photon precision, providing an average transit depth uncertainty of 221 ppm per spectroscopic bin, and present minimal impacts from systematic effects. We detect significant absorption from CO2 (28.5σ) and H2O (21.5σ), and identify SO2 as the source of absorption at 4.1 μm (4.8σ). Best-fit atmospheric models range between 3 and 10 times solar metallicity, with sub-solar to solar C/O ratios. These results, including the detection of SO2, underscore the importance of characterizing the chemistry in exoplanet atmospheres and showcase NIRSpec G395H as an excellent mode for time-series observations over this critical wavelength range10.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Multidisciplinary
Reference142 articles.
1. Öberg, K. I., Murray-Clay, R. & Bergin, E. A. The effects of snowlines on C/O in planetary atmospheres. Astrophys. J. Lett. 743, L16 (2011). 2. Mordasini, C., van Boekel, R., Mollière, P., Henning, T. & Benneke, B. The imprint of exoplanet formation history on observable present-day spectra of hot Jupiters. Astrophys. J. 832, 41 (2016). 3. Sing, D. K. et al. A continuum from clear to cloudy hot-Jupiter exoplanets without primordial water depletion. Nature 529, 59–62 (2016). 4. Wakeford, H. R. et al. The complete transmission spectrum of WASP-39b with a precise water constraint. Astron. J. 155, 29 (2018). 5. Alam, M. K. et al. The Hubble Space Telescope PanCET program: an optical to infrared transmission spectrum of HAT-P-32Ab. Astron. J 160, 51 (2020).
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61 articles.
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