1. 1. Vittorio, N., Juszkiewicz, R. & Davis, M. Nature 323, 132–133 (1986). 2. Bond, J. R. Galaxy Distances and Deviations from Universal Expansion (eds Madore, B. F. & Tully, R. B.) 255–263 (Reidel, Dordrecht, 1986). 3. Wilkinson, D. T. Science 232, 1517–1522 (1986). 4. Sandage, A. R. Astrophys. J. 307, 1–19 (1986). 5. Rubin, V. C., Ford, W. K., Thonnard, N., Roberts, M. S. & Graham, J. A. Astr. J. 81, 687–737 (1976). 6. Collins, A., Joseph, R. D. & Robertson, N. A. Nature 320, 506–508 (1986). 7. Burstein, D. et al. Galaxy Distances and Deviations from Universal Expansion (eds Madore, B. F. & Tully, R. B.) 123–130 (Reidel, Dordrecht, 1986). 8. Frenk, C. S., White, S. D. M., Efstathiou, G. & Davis, M. Nature 317, 595–597 (1985). 9. Peebles, P. J. E. The Early Universe (ed. Unruh, W. G.) (Reidel, Dordrecht, 1986). 10. Peebles, P. J. E. The Origin and Evolution of Galaxies (eds Jones, B. J. T. & Jones, J. E.) 143–169 (Reidel, Dordrecht, 1983). 11. Peebles, P. J. E. Astrophys. J. 248, 885–897 (1981). 12. Glutton-Brock, M. & Peebles, P. J. E. Astr. J. 86, 1115–1119 (1981). 13. Davis, M. & Peebles, P. J. E. Astrophys. J. 267, 465–482 (1983). 14. Peebles, P. J. E. Astrophys. J. (in the press).