1. Hecht, S. S. Tobacco carcinogens, their biomarkers, and tobacco-induced cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer 3, 733–744 (2003). This is the forerunner to the present Review; although there are similarities, the field has advanced considerably.
2. US Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking — 50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General (US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2014). This report summarizes the health effects of smoking on the basis of 50 years of research.
3. Sinha, D., Agarwal, N. & Gupta, P. Prevalence of smokeless tobacco use and number of users in 121 countries. Br. J. Med. Med. Res. 9, 1–20 (2015).
4. National Cancer Institute & Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smokeless Tobacco and Public Health: A Global Perspective. NIH publication no. 14-7983 (US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, 2014). This report summarizes information on worldwide smokeless tobacco products and their health effects.
5. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Personal habits and indoor combustions. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Vol. 100E. (IARC, 2012).