Genetic and phylogenetic analysis of dissimilatory iodate-reducing bacteria identifies potential niches across the world’s oceans

Author:

Reyes-Umana VictorORCID,Henning Zachary,Lee Kristina,Barnum Tyler P.,Coates John D.ORCID

Abstract

AbstractIodine is oxidized and reduced as part of a biogeochemical cycle that is especially pronounced in the oceans, where the element naturally concentrates. The use of oxidized iodine in the form of iodate (IO3) as an electron acceptor by microorganisms is poorly understood. Here, we outline genetic, physiological, and ecological models for dissimilatory IO3 reduction to iodide (I) by a novel estuarine bacterium, Denitromonas sp. IR-12. Our results show that dissimilatory iodate reduction (DIR) by strain IR-12 is molybdenum-dependent and requires an IO3 reductase (idrA) and likely other genes in a mobile cluster with a conserved association across known and predicted DIR microorganisms (DIRM). Based on genetic and physiological data, we propose a model where three molecules of IO3 are likely reduced to three molecules of hypoiodous acid (HIO), which rapidly disproportionate into one molecule of IO3 and two molecules of iodide (I), in a respiratory pathway that provides an energy yield equivalent to that of nitrate or perchlorate respiration. Consistent with the ecological niche expected of such a metabolism, idrA is enriched in the metagenome sequence databases of marine sites with a specific biogeochemical signature (high concentrations of nitrate and phosphate) and diminished oxygen. Taken together, these data suggest that DIRM help explain the disequilibrium of the IO3:I concentration ratio above oxygen-minimum zones and support a widespread iodine redox cycle mediated by microbiology.

Funder

National Science Foundation

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics,Microbiology

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