The Cymbidium genome reveals the evolution of unique morphological traits

Author:

Ai Ye,Li Zhen,Sun Wei-Hong,Chen Juan,Zhang Diyang,Ma Liang,Zhang Qing-Hua,Chen Ming-Kun,Zheng Qing-Dong,Liu Jiang-Feng,Jiang Yu-Ting,Li Bai-JunORCID,Liu Xuedie,Xu Xin-Yu,Yu Xia,Zheng Yu,Liao Xing-Yu,Zhou Zhuang,Wang Jie-YuORCID,Wang Zhi-Wen,Xie Tai-Xiang,Ma Shan-Hu,Zhou Jie,Ke Yu-Jie,Zhou Yu-Zhen,Lu Hsiang-Chia,Liu Ke-Wei,Yang Feng-Xi,Zhu Gen-Fa,Huang Laiqiang,Peng Dong-Hui,Chen Shi-Pin,Lan Siren,Van de Peer Yves,Liu Zhong-Jian

Abstract

AbstractThe marvelously diverse Orchidaceae constitutes the largest family of angiosperms. The genus Cymbidium in Orchidaceae is well known for its unique vegetation, floral morphology, and flower scent traits. Here, a chromosome-scale assembly of the genome of Cymbidium ensifolium (Jianlan) is presented. Comparative genomic analysis showed that C. ensifolium has experienced two whole-genome duplication (WGD) events, the most recent of which was shared by all orchids, while the older event was the τ event shared by most monocots. The results of MADS-box genes analysis provided support for establishing a unique gene model of orchid flower development regulation, and flower shape mutations in C. ensifolium were shown to be associated with the abnormal expression of MADS-box genes. The most abundant floral scent components identified included methyl jasmonate, acacia alcohol and linalool, and the genes involved in the floral scent component network of C. ensifolium were determined. Furthermore, the decreased expression of photosynthesis-antennae and photosynthesis metabolic pathway genes in leaves was shown to result in colorful striped leaves, while the increased expression of MADS-box genes in leaves led to perianth-like leaves. Our results provide fundamental insights into orchid evolution and diversification.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Horticulture,Plant Science,Genetics,Biochemistry,Biotechnology

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