1. Beinhocker, E. D. The Origin of Wealth: Evolution, Complexity, and the Radical Remaking of Economics (Harvard Business School Press, 2006).
2. Holland, J. H. & Miller, J. H. Artificial adaptive agents in economic theory. Am. Econ. Rev. 81, 365–370 (1991).
3. Miller, J. H. & Page, S. E. Complex Adaptive Systems: An Introduction to Computational Models of Social Life (Princeton Univ. Press, 2009).
4. Kauffman, S. A. The Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution (Oxford Univ. Press, 1993).
5. Krugman, P. Complex landscapes in economic geography. Am. Econ. Rev. 84, 412–416 (1994).